Intracerebral Hemorrhage Manifesting as Optic Aphasia: A Case Report

Optic aphasia is a rare neurological disorder that affects the visual-semantic ability of patients with normal vision, caused by a lesion in the left occipital lobe. The signs and symptoms of optic aphasia are similar to those of associative visual agnosia, where patients have difficulty recognizing objects both in shape and function, resulting in challenges performing daily tasks. The transformation to optic aphasia or associative visual agnosia is closely related to the degree of damage to the corpus callosum, with some studies hypothetically suggesting that complete damage of the corpus callosum leads to optic aphasia, whereas incomplete damage causes associative visual agnosia. We present a case of a 60-year-old man with a history of intracerebral hemorrhage in the left occipitotemporoparietal lobe. The patient complained of intermittent episodes of painless blurry vision. Upon examination, we observed that the patient was unable to read the Snellen chart, although he could draw the letter. Furthermore, we discovered that the patient had difficulty in naming objects and instruments, even though he was able to express their shape and function through gestures and mimicry. The signs and symptoms of the patient, along with the result of multi-slice non-contrast CT scan, suggest that he had optic aphasia rather than associative visual agnosia. A comprehensive neuropsychological and aphasia examination needs to be performed to further assess the condition of our patient and establish the diagnosis.